A brother, Thomas, was born in January 1920. His badly written birth certificate misspelled his first name as "Thelious" or "Thelius." It also did not list his middle name, taken from his maternal grandfather, Sphere Batts. Thelonious Sphere Monk was born two years after his sister Marion on October 10, 1917, in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, and was the son of Thelonious and Barbara Monk. The others, so far, are Louis Armstrong, Dave Brubeck, Duke Ellington and Wynton Marsalis. Monk is one of five jazz musicians featured on the cover of Time magazine. He was also noted for an idiosyncratic habit during performances: while other musicians continued playing, Monk stopped, stood up and danced for a few moments before returning to the piano. Monk was renowned for a distinct look which included suits, hats, and sunglasses. His style was not universally appreciated the poet and jazz critic Philip Larkin dismissed Monk as 'the elephant on the keyboard'. Monk's compositions and improvisations feature dissonances and angular melodic twists and are consistent with his unorthodox approach to the piano, which combined a highly percussive attack with abrupt, dramatic use of switched key releases, silences, and hesitations. He had a unique improvisational style and made numerous contributions to the standard jazz repertoire, including "'Round Midnight," "Blue Monk," "Straight, No Chaser," "Ruby, My Dear," "In Walked Bud," and "Well, You Needn't." Monk is the second-most-recorded jazz composer after Duke Ellington, which is particularly remarkable as Ellington composed more than a thousand pieces, whereas Monk wrote about 70. Thelonious Sphere Monk ( / θ ə ˈ l oʊ n i ə s/, Octo – February 17, 1982) was an American jazz pianist and composer.
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